體驗區
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| 篇名 |
乡村振兴背景下学前教师编制标准研究
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| 並列篇名 |
Research on the Calculation Standard of Authorized Number of Preschool Teachers under the Rural Revitalization Strategy
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| 作者 |
秦田田(Qin Tiantian)
、刘善槐(Liu Shanhuai)
、殷美娜(Yin Meina)
、张雪(Zhang Xue)
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| 中文摘要 |
学前教育事业发展的重点在提质，提质的关键在师资。当前，我国公办园以合同制为主的教师配置方式，难以保证教师数量供给、质量达标和队伍稳定；按照师幼比或师班比单维指标核定教师数量，无法实现师资供需平衡。为普及有质量的学前教育，“如何配置公办园教师”是亟待解决的重大问题。美国、法国、日本等9个国家的学前教师配置经验表明，赋予学前教师公职人员身份，有利于实现教师数量科学配备、严格把控教师任职资格、统一规范教师职业行为，也有助于保障教师的福利待遇、职务晋升等基本权益；按照合同雇员制配置学前教师，能根据学龄前儿童数量变化及时清退富余教师，但其推广对合同法制建设、经济发展水平等有较高的要求。当前，我国经济发展不平衡不充分的问题依然突出，事业单位合同管理体系存在薄弱环节，全面推广合同雇员制的风险较高。为此，应坚持把编制作为公办园教师配置的基本方式，以幼儿园为基本核算单位，将年级分布、活动类型、教师工作时长作为基本参数，构建兼顾幼儿保教需要、教师合理工作量和人力资源利用效率的编制测算模型。同时，推动学前教师经费保障、编制管理、培养体系、综合待遇等配套改革，确保按需核定学前教师编制、按编补足补齐学前教师。
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| 英文摘要 |
Improving the quality of education plays a crucial role in the development of preschool education, while the keystone of education quality lies in the construction of the team of teachers. At present, the teachers of public kindergartens in our country are mainly temporary staff, but this can’t thoroughly guarantee the quantity, quality and team stability of teachers. In addition, using the single-dimensional index of teacher-to-child ratio or teacher-to-class ratio to compute the number of teachers can’t realize a balance between the supply and the demand of staffing. In order to popularize high-quality preschool education, “how to allocate teachers of public kindergartens” has become a major problem that needs to be solved urgently. The experience of preschool teacher allocation in nine countries including the United States, France and Japan shows that granting preschool teachers the status of public officials is beneficial for the education department to scientifically allocate the number of teachers, strictly control the qualifications of teachers and uniformly regulate the professional behavior of teachers. It can also better protect teachers’ welfare benefits, promotion and other rights and interests. The contract employee system can promptly dismiss surplus teachers according to the changing trends of preschool children. However, its promotion has higher requirements on the construction of contract legal system and the level of economic development. At present, the economic development of China is unbalanced and insufficient, and there are still many weaknesses in the contract management system of public institution. Therefore, comprehensively promoting the contract employee system has a high risk coefficient. We should insist on authorized strength as the basic way of arranging teachers for public kindergartens, take the kindergarten as the accounting unit, and regard grade distribution, child-care and teaching activities, and teachers’ working hours as basic parameters. We have built a calculation model that takes into account nursery needs, teachers’ reasonable workload and utilization efficiency of human resource. Additionally, it is supposed to simultaneously push forward supporting reforms such as financial allocation, preschool teacher staffing management, normal education and treatment system. In this way, the local government can approve authorized size of teachers on demand and replenish sufficient teachers according to authorized size.
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| 頁次 |
057-081
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| 關鍵詞 |
乡村振兴
、农村教育
、学前教师
、测算模型
、编制标准
、the rural revitalization strategy
、rural education
、preschool teachers
、calculation model of preschool teachers
、authorized number of teachers
、CSSCI
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| 卷期 |
40:6
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| 日期 |
202206
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| 刊名 |
華東師範大學學報(教育科學版)
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| 出版單位 |
華東師範大學
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| DOI |
10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.06.005
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