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篇名 中華民國臺灣區運動會競技體操選手分數及裁判評審分數客觀性與一致性十年的追蹤研究
並列篇名 A Ten-Years Follow-up Study on the Gymnasts Score and the Objectivity & Consistency of the Score Marks Judged by Referess on the Performances of Gymnasts in Taiwan Region's Games of the Republic of China
作者 林清和
中文摘要 本研究之目的在追踪探讨十年前、后国内体操选手分数的差异,并与奥运╱世界杯体操选手的分数做一比较;进而探讨十年前、后国内体操裁判评审分数的客观性与一致性的差异,藉以提供裁判和教练之参考。本研究以中华民国64年在台北市举行的第二届台湾区运动会竞技体操比赛(男选手为47人,女选手为59人),与中华民国74年在彰化举行的第十二届台湾区运动会竞技体操比赛(男选手为53人,女选手为40人)所评分的原始资料,另加民国65年中华男子体操队蒙特娄奥运合格赛成绩表,1979年蒙特娄奥运体操男女个人全能与男女个人单项成绩表,及1985年蒙特娄世界杯体操锦标赛男女个人全能成绩表等五种资料作为研究对象与范围。所获得的数据,使用两个独立样本的t检定(the t-test for two independent samples)皮尔逊积差相关法(pearsons product-moment Correlation)与未相关的r之间的差异公式(Difference between Uncorrelation r's)来做检定比较,并经分析与讨论后,获得下列结论:一、十年后,男女选手的体操分数均优于十年前的男女体操选手,尤其是男子的鞍马与吊环两项,有非常显著差异(P<.01),女子四项均有非常显著差异(P<.01)。二、十年前、后,男子最弱的项目是鞍马与吊环两项,女子则是高低杠一项。而十年前,女子次弱的跳马项目,十年后已跃居女子四项之冠。三、十年后,国内男女全能及个人单项决赛分数第一名,与奥运╱世界杯男女全能及个人单项决赛第一名的全能总分和全能平均分数之差距,均比十年前国内男女选手来得少。四、十年后,男女个人全能与个人单项决赛前六名选手的分数,均优于十年前的男女选手。而且,前六名选手之间的全能总分与全能平均分数之差距,均小于十年前的男女选手分数。这表示十年前的中华男女体操代表队,成队之间的技术水准不一致,程度参差不齐。五、十年后,现任的国内男女体操裁判员较十年前的国内男女体操裁判员,在评分的观点上更具有客观性及一致性。而且,也比国外裁判员在评分的观点上,其内部较具有一致性。六、十年前、后,国内男子体操裁判员其内部的评分观点,比十年前、后的国内女子体操裁判员更趋向一致性。
英文摘要 The purpose of this study is to track down the difference in score marks on the performances in the games of the national gymnasts before arid after the given decade to make comparisons on their scorq marks with the Olympic Game and the World Cup Game. Then the writer explored the deviation on the objectivity and consistency of the score marks judged and given by the referees before and after the given decade. The result of the study shall be provided to the referess and coabhes for their reference.The study is based upon the original data regarding the Second Taiwan Region Games for Gymnastic Contests in 1975 conducted in Taipei, the Republic of China (47 Male gymnasts and 59 female gymnasts), and the Twelfth Taiwan Region Game for. Gymnastic Contests in 1985 held in Chang Hwa, the Repub-lic of China (53 Male gymnasts and 40 female gymnasts). Besides, the writer used the other three kinds of data comprising of the Qualification Contest for selected contes-tants to join 1976 Montereal Opympic Gymnastic Games for Men, the score marks list on the individuals item in all-round gymnasts contests for the selected contestants to join 1976 Montereal Games of Gymnastics for men and women, and the score marks list of the individuals on all-round events in 1985 Montereal World Cup Gymnastics Tournament for individual men and women. The above five kinds of data served as the objects and scope for my study.After the data were obtained, I used t-test for two independent samples, Perasons Product-Moment Correlation and the Formula of difference Between Uncorrelation r's for check and comparison. Then after my analysis and discussion of the contents with the relevant people, I obtained the1.follwing conclusion. After the given decade, the score marks of gymanistic, performances by male and female gymnasts were better than those of ten years ago. Particularly the two events for men showed significant progress, i.e. pommel horse and rings. There was significant difference between two distinct times (P < 0.01). And there was also very significant variation (P < 0.01) for women's four events.2.Ten years ago, men's weakest events in the nation were horse and rings. The weakest item foe women gymnasts in the nation was vaulting. But ten years later, the vaulting event for women has been the best event for women in the nation among four events for women gymnasts.3.After the given decade, the champion's score marks for all round events of men and women in the single final matches in the nation in comparison with the all round total score marks for champions of men and women in the World Cup & Olympic Games were less than the the difference of nations championships' score marks in compariori with the corresponding score marks for men and women in the World Cup of Olympic Games ten years ago.4.Ten years later, the first six winners' score marks in the individual's all round and single final matches were better than those of ten years ago. Besides, the difference between the total score marks and average marks in total for the first six gymnasts winners was less than the correspond-ing numbers of score marks for men and women gymnasts ten years ago. That meant that ten years ago, the gymnastic teams of the Republic of China for men and women were not unifoem in skill and their extents were quite divergent.5.Ten years later, there was much more objectivity and consistency in the judgement of referees for men and women gymnasts' performances and the score marks given by the referees were more objectivity and consistent than those of ten years ago. Hence their judgement in giving score marks es the gymnasts was more consistent than those of foregin referees on the same events.6.Ten years, later, the judgement viewpoint for giving score marks to the gymnasts in the contests in the nation by referees on men was more consistent than that of referees on the women's gymnastic contests.
頁次 217-262
關鍵詞 TSSCI
卷期 32:1
日期 1987
刊名 教育科學研究期刊
出版單位 國立臺灣師範大學