體驗區
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| 篇名 |
样例学习研究及其课改意蕴
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| 並列篇名 |
Research on Learning from Worked Examples and Its Implications for Curriculum Reform
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| 作者 |
王小明
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| 中文摘要 |
样例学习是学习者从例示了一般概念、原理、程序的例子中习得解决问题方法的一种学习方式。和单纯的问题解决学习方式相比，样例学习不仅费时少、迁移效果好，还可减轻学生学习时的认知负荷。早期的样例学习研究集中于数学、物理等学科的单内容样例的学习，最近的研究开始涉及没有明确解题步骤的双内容样例的学习。样例学习的重要机制是学习者对样例的自我解释活动，要促进学生的自我解释活动，可通过改变样例的呈现方式，为学习者提供自我解释的提示等方法，还要注意利用教学解释对自我解释的积极作用，防止其消极作用。样例学习的研究对于我们深入认识学习方式转变、策略教学、学与教的关系等问题很有启发。
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| 英文摘要 |
Learning from worked-out examples is a kind of learning mode by which learners learn methods of problem solving from examples that exemplify general concepts, principles and procedures. Compared to problem solving, learning from worked-out examples not only takes less time and has positive transfer effect, but also demands less cognitive load on the learner. Initial researches on worked-out examples center on single-content examples in mathematics and physics, recent researches involve double-content example which have no discrete problem solving steps. The important mechanism of learning from worked-out examples is learners' self-explaining activities for the example. In order to promote learners' self-explaining activities, teachers should redesign the worked-out examples, provide promotes for self-explaining, take advantage of instructional explanations and prevent its negative effects. The researches on learning from worked-out examples have some implications for changing learning modes, teaching strategies and understanding the relation between learning and instruction.
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| 頁次 |
078-083
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| 關鍵詞 |
样例学习
、自我解释
、教学解释
、learning from worked-out examples
、self-explaining
、instructional explanations
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| 卷期 |
8:2
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| 日期 |
201104
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| 刊名 |
基礎教育
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| 出版單位 |
華東師範大學
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